|
pre-modern
(up to 18th c.)
|
modern
(19-20th c.)
|
post-modern
(21st c.)
|
|
"Discovery"
|
"Acquisition"
|
"Invention"
|
Who is travelling?
|
few
very rich;
adventurers, traders
|
growing numbers,
rich people plus
- Europe / North America: middle classes (19th
c.) working classes (20th c.) - Asia / South
America: middle classes (21th c.)
|
Almost
everybody (app. 4 out 7 billion)
People are host and
guest at different times
|
Motivation
|
Discovery,
Distinction
|
Acquisition,
Relaxation
|
Invention,
Experience
|
Impact on
destination
|
physically minimal
culturally medium
|
new infrastructure,
touristification impact also on source region
|
glocalisation of
destinations
invention of
artificial places
|
Development of
tourism Industry
|
almost not existing
|
strong growth
|
diversification
|
Duration
|
long time
(months, years)
|
medium length
(weeks, months)
|
short (days) or long
(years)
|
Relation to daily
life
|
Travel part of life
|
Clear split between
working time and leisure time/tourism
|
Travel part of life
|
Consequences for
jobs in tourism
|
Almost no specific
jobs in travel and tourism
|
Development of
specific jobs, mostly organisation of travel and
sightseeing
|
Diversification and
segmentation of markets. Development of complex
labour market and job structure
|
Traveller bring
their own HRM infrastructure
Minimum specialisation
Travel and Tourism
as working field not existing (no guilds, etc.)
Already bad image
(Wirtshaus connected to crime and vice)
|
Specific
infrastructure and purpose-build structures
developed
Traveller grow in
numbers, but clear differentiation between top and
bottom market, no middle market before app. 1970s
Beginning
internationalisation of workforce
|
Almost everybody
plays both roles of host and guest at different
times Tourism globally important economic factor
High specialisation
of products and diversification of jobs
Strong
internationalisation of workforce
|